Digital Color model that uses eight bits each for the three additive colors (red, green, blue) It can reproduce 256 shades of each primary color.
Digital image format that incorporates 256 shades in 8-bits for each of the three color channels (RGB) and includes a mask (alpha) channel with a possible 256 levels of opacity.
One of the two colorimetric rendering intents that try to preserve colorimerty of colors that are mapped to an exact match whenever possible, and where not possible (because the color is out of gamut), the color is mapped to the nearest equivalent.
In theory, a material that perfectly reflects all the light energy at every visible wavelength. In practice, a solid white with known spectral data used as the "reference white" for all measurements of absolute reflectance.
ACRN = Achromatic Color Replacement. See GCR
A Printer that can be used in RIP-Queue. Use Printer Manager to activate or deactivate printers.
Colors formed by the combination of red, green, and blue colored light. Video images are produced by this method. This differs from Subtractive Color (used in printing), in that adding more color lightens the image; 100% of all three colors produces white.
The maximum resolution of any device. The finite number of pixels that any imaging device is capable of creating, manipulating or imaging.
Visual stair-stepping of edges that occurs in images that have been enlarged too much. Sometimes known as jaggies. See also Anti-aliasing.
An image-editor channel used to contain a mask or partial picture element or color.
A three dimensional graph called Color Space. We can assign an absolute value to any color using three independent variables: Lightness, Chroma, and Hue.
ANPACOLOR (TM) Color System. American color matching system, mostly used in newspaper printing
Technique for reducing the visual stair-stepping of edges that occurs in an image that has been enlarged too much by averaging or blending the colors next to the edge.
The difference between the apparent dot area of the film, as measured by a transmission densitometer, and the apparent dot area of the proof or printed sheet, as measured with a reflection densitometer.
Inks of dye or pigment in a base of water. It is dried through exposure to air (evaporation).
Term loosely used to refer to material that can be used without side effects in the conservation or care of important artifacts. Pertaining to the production of new items designed to have very good aging qualities, e.g. non-fading inks, acid free paper, etc.
Unwanted visual anomalies or defects generated by an input or output device or software operation that degrade image quality.
American Standard Code for Information Interchange) A coding standard that uses 7 or 8 bits to assign numerical values up to 256 for the representation of characters and symbols
Adobe Separation Table. Color profile providing RGB to CMYK color conversions.
Integrated or auxiliary systems designed to automatically load media onto a press or finishing device, or off-load media from a press or finishing device.
1. Distinct levels of color in an otherwise continuous span of color, caused by printing gradients without sufficient color information. 2. Horizontal striping caused by a printer head malfunction. Usually this is either a misfiring head or improper media feeding.
Image effect that spreads the center dimensions of the picture.
The address at which a device resides in computer memory. The computer must know this address to communicate with the device.
A folder containing the input and work folders for a printer.
A raster image format where each position on a video screen or printout is a picture element (Pixel). Every pixel is addressable, and they are stored and processed at that level. Each pixel is represented by 1 (for black and white images) or more bits (24 bits allows approximately 16 million shades of gray or colors). A bitmap is the two-dimensional matrix of pixel representation.
Addition of Black (K) ink to Process Colors when converting from RGB to CMYK. Usually handled through UCR or GCR methodologies
Color that when scanned produces values of 0,0,0 in a scanner. Ideally, the black point is 0% neutral reflectance or transmittance. See also white point.
A Windows bitmap file, with the extension ".bmp" that defines an image (such as the image of a scanned page) as a pattern of dots (pixels).
An invisible "frame" drawn by the application software around a portion of an image that sets the size of the artwork. This applies to PostScript only.
A measure of the total amount of light emitted, transmitted, or reflected by an object or image. This is normally measured in Candela. See also Luminance.
A temporary storage space in a computer memory for data before transmission.
A temporary storage area for information which locates itself between the hard disk and the RAM by employing intuitive logic. It also speeds up the access time of the data.
Software used to produce designs and drawings for architectural, engineering and scientific applications.
Calibration is the process of telling Media Manager how your printer uses ink when specific demands for each color are given.
Thickness of paper expressed in thousandths of an inch (mils) or millionths of a meter (micrometers). 1mil = 0.001in = 0.0254mm
International unit of measure for Luminance, approximately equal to one candlepower. In technical terms, a candela is 1/60th of the luminous intensity per square centimeter of a blackbody radiating at the temperature of solidification of platinum (2,046 K).
Acquiring information, such as an image, with a scanner or digital-camera device.
Light-detection device used in many popular scanners, digital cameras, and video cameras that generates electrical current in direct proportion to how much light strikes areas of the sensor.
An arrangement of CCD sensors mounted in close proximity that allows for the simultaneous capturing of many pixels with one exposure.
A three dimensional graph called Color Space. We can assign an absolute value to any color using three independent variables: Lightness, Chroma, and Hue.
A two-dimensional graph of the chromaticity coordinates, x as the abscissa and y as the ordinate, which shows the spectrum locus (chromaticity coordinates of monochromatic light, 380-770nm) .
Signal which describes Hue and Saturation, used in measuring the difference between two colors of equal Brightness.
An international group that developed the most commonly used set of color definition standards. See also ICC.
Known spectral data established by the CIE for four different types of light sources.
Profile standards proposed by the ICC which take into account viewing conditions such as temperature, light angle, and light type.
Profile standards proposed by the ICC which take into account viewing conditions such as temperature, light angle, and light type.
A uniform Color space proposed by the CIE for use in the measurement of small color differences. See also L*a*b*.
The process of producing an exact copy of existing digital-image data, either to another image file or copying an area of an image within the same file.
System for describing colors based on a combination of values for Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Black; the ink colors used in four-color process printing. In theory, 100% of Cyan, Magenta, and Yellow create Black. In practice, the addition of Black ink is necessary to print a true Black. See also RGB.
System for describing colors based on a combination of values for Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Black, plus Orange and Green. This is an expansion of the CMYK color model that provides a greater color gamut.
System for describing colors based on a combination of values for Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Black plus Red, Green, and Blue. This is an expansion of the CMYK color model that provides a greater color gamut.
A warping spot or bulge in the sheet caused by localized expansion of the media during printing. This happens because of over saturation of ink and subsequent shrinkage of the media during drying
The attribute of visual experience that can be described using the dimensions of Hue, Saturation, and Brightness.
A System of software and/or hardware that adjusts and coordinates colors between two or more digital devices. Color calibration systems commonly compare device color profiles and translate one color model into a device-independent language.
A graphic mechanism for displaying color measurements and for making changes to an image. User adjustments to the angle and slope of the curve implement color changes to one or all of an image's color channels.
The range of color that can be created on an output device.
Layer of separated image that is composed of a single color, such as Cyan, Magenta, or Black. See also Plate and Separation.
Device dependent Color Spaces RGB and CMYK are both referred to as device dependent color spaces because the colors defined in these spaces are intrinsically associated to the devices they are defined on.
A System which ensures color uniformity across input and output devices so that the final printed results match the originals. The characteristics or profiles of devices are normally established by reference to standard color targets.
A specific description of how any device either sees or produces color information as referenced by an industry standard color target
A feature of PostScript Level 2 and PostScript Level 3 that specifies output device color capabilities using CIE color notation. Contained in a PostScript RIP, a CRD converts CIE Yxy information embedded in a PostScript file to CMYK information for output.
A method of mapping color values so colors can be reproduced on different devices even if the devices have a different gamut. As part of this process, it determines how in-gamut and out-of-gamut colors are mapped. See also Rendering Intent.
The process of splitting full-color images into their CMYK components. Color separation can also refer to one or all four of the separate pieces of film or data files from which a four-color version is to be printed. Each separation is a distinct Halftone image.
The set of referents used to describe color. The color spaces displayed in RIP-Queue are CMYK, RGB, and HSV. L*a*b* manipulations are also possible in Color Correction.
Color space description that specifies source color characteristics. (These are usually embedded in PostScript Level 2 and PostScript Level 3 EPS files.) A CSA is based on the monitor settings of the application or is specified by the printer driver.
A measurement of color value in degrees Kelvin. The higher the temperature the closer it moves to white. Typical daylight rages from 5500°K to 6500°K.
An image or chart that displays the entire color spectrum at one time. See wheel.tif in the RIP-Queue Samples directory.
A color correction tool that allows modification of contrast, brightness, and saturation (Color Levels), as well as the highlights, midtones, and shadow levels (Gray Levels).
Materials used to create colors: dyes, pigments, toners, waxes.
An instrument that measures and quantifies color in a way that resembles human vision. The measurements are usually in the form of coordinates in a CIE color space.
The process of removing irrelevant information and reducing unneeded space from a file in order to make the file smaller. Compression can cause losses and distortion, depending on the method.
1. Images that contain an apparently infinite range of shade and color smoothly blended to create a true copy of the source image. 2. Printing method where dots of equal size are placed in a variable-spaced pattern causing the transitions between colors to appear more natural.
A RIP-Queue dot pattern that produces continuous tone data (such as RGB TIFF output) as opposed to half-tone data.
The difference in tone between the darker and lighter parts of an image.
Defines the area of an image that is to be included in the final output. Anything outside of the crop box is excluded.
Cutting or manipulating an image to eliminate unwanted detail along the top, bottom, or sides of an image. Cropped images in RIP-Queue are square or rectangular in shape.
Curvature of the sheet of paper. It is produced by one or more of the following factors: the moisture content of the atmosphere or the sheet; the distribution of moisture throughout the sheet; the orientation of the fibers throughout the sheet, or internal stresses within the sheet.
A version of the standard EPS format; this lets you save color separations of CMYK or multi-channel files. Use the DCS 2.0 format to export images containing spot channels and single alpha channels from Adobe Photoshop.
The total color difference computed with the color difference equation. It is generally calculated as the square root of the sum of the squares of the chromaticity difference, Delta C*, and the lightness difference, Delta L*.
The total color difference computed with the color difference equation. It is generally calculated as the square root of the sum of the squares of the chromaticity difference, Delta C*, and the lightness difference, Delta L*.
A photoelectric instrument that measures the density of printed inks or dyes. A densitometer works in two modes: Integral mode measures density on a logarithmic scale from 0 to about 4; Dot-percent mode measures density on a linear scale from 0 to 100. RIP-Queue uses integral mode.
Degree of opacity of coverage by an ink or toner. Usually measured as a percentage, with 0% equal to no ink, and 100% equal to full coverage.
A procedure to normalize a device behavior to obtain a linear input to output response for opacity.
The measurable difference between the brightest highlight (white) and the darkest value (black) that a device can create or register. The greater the dynamic range, the more lifelike the image.
Both RGB and CMYK are referred to as "device dependent" color spaces because the colors they define are directly related to a particular device (a "device" may refer to a monitor, or a printer, or any other output device).
A color space that is not dependant on any particular physical device. See CIELab.
Cutting of material to a specific shape using a die.
Image and line data that has been translated into numerical values for the manipulation and reproduction.
Any printing device that is capable of translating digital data into hardcopy output.
The process of converting analog data to digital information.
Process of averaging primary colors to approximate other colors.
A file containing a set of functions/routines called by a program to perform a task.
This allows high speed transfer of data between a peripheral device (such as an LPT port) and a computer’s memory without using the computer’s processor. DMA channels can work simultaneously independent of the computer’s processor.
A single element in the halftone printing process. In traditional halftone generation, dots vary in size to control the intensity of the printed color. In digital printing, the dot size is fixed by the print mechanism.
Percentage of paper covered by the ink dots of a given color.
Process whereby the ink or toner spreads (blooms) larger than the initial size of the dot due to either capillary action or the ink physically running over the edges of the dot (over inking). Dot gain can be modified by adjusting the physical environment (humidity or temperature) of the printer, or by reducing the saturation level of the inks. See GCR, UCR.
Process whereby the ink or toner spreads (blooms) larger than the initial size of the dot due to either capillary action or the ink physically running over the edges of the dot (over inking). Dot gain can be modified by adjusting the physical environment (humidity or temperature) of the printer, or by reducing the saturation level of the inks. See GCR, UCR.
The distance between the dots on a computer monitor, typically 0.24 to 0.38 mm. The closer the dots, the sharper the image on the monitor.
Some printers have ink configurations that allows for printed dots to be "struck" a 2nd time. Regular ink configurations are "Single Strike" and use one pass per channel to obtain maximum coverage.
Screen or printer resolution. A single value (for example 1200 dpi) means dots per linear inch both vertically and horizontally; two values (for example 600 x 1200 dpi) indicates horizontal and vertical resolutions, respectively. A dpi value shown as 600@1200 dpi means that the image is processed at 600, but is printed at 1200. See also Dot, Virtual Pixel.
A user interface element that allows a selection from a menu accessed by clicking a down arrow.
When using printers with variable dot sizes it is important to set the drop size control BEFORE setting the ink restrictions. Drop size control will allow you to choose a setting that gives you the preferred mix of small, medium, and large dots.
A printing process using small heating elements to evaporate pigments from a carrier film depositing them smoothly onto a media.
The measurable difference between the brightest highlight (white) and the darkest value (black) that a device can create or register. The greater the dynamic range, the more lifelike the image.
A parallel port (LPT) interface which uses the following characteristics: 1. Uses RLE (Run-Length Encoded) data compression for input and output. 2. Provides for I/O buffers at either end. 3. Uses DMA for handling actual data transfer. 4. Allows ECP devices to address multiple channel across the same physical interface. This supports multi-function devices, such as combination scanner/modem/fax/printer devices.
A raster file format that uses high compression.
Resolution of Raster Format image independent of the printer resolution. Effective resolution is determined by dividing the nominal resolution of the image by the pixel duplication ratio. For example: a 2048x3072 pixel image has an effective resolution of 300 dpi at 10x7 inches, 200 dpi at 15x10 inches, 150 dpi at 20x14 inches and 72 dpi at 42x28 inches.
Profiles that are contained within a raster file. TIFF, PSD, and JPG files support embedded profiles.
A PostScript (vector) file format that can include various options such as the specified PostScript level, embedded fonts, and a preview image. EPS files are printer-independent. See also PS, PostScript.
Another name for HiFi (CMYKOG) color.
A parallel port specification jointly introduced by Intel, Xircom, and Zenith Data Systems.
Screening technology used in digital printers where fixed size dots are placed based on image details and tone values to enhance detail. See also FDRP Diffusion.
There are two types of fading: 1) Dark Fade a color fade due to a chemical effect. 2) Light Fade a color fade due to exposure to light.
Patented error-diffusion process created by ONYX Graphics, Inc. for use in large-format printing.
Modified version of the FDRP Diffusion Process created by Onyx Graphics. Intended for use where Leading Edge Effect is a problem.
A hybrid of the Stochastic and FDRP Diffusion dot patterns.
An inkjet printer that prints onto surfaced oriented on a flat, horizontal plane. Some types have additional capability of printing onto substrates as thick as 3 inches.
A scanner which utilizes CCD linear arrays, where the image is placed on a glass platen, and the array moves past the artwork.
The vector calculation of the maximum distance of any points of the approximation from the corresponding point on the true curve, measured in output device pixels.
A dithering method that uses uniform dot sizes and varies the distance between them. This method is different from conventional halftone screening, which aligns dots of varying sizes on a regular grid.
FOCOLTONE® Color System. English color matching system
The implementation of a typeface, (such as Helvetica) in a single size. A single font includes all 26 letters, along with punctuation, numbers, and other characters.
A unit used to measure light, a measure of illuminance, light level incident on a surface. LUX x .0929 = Foot candles.
Proprietary marks that are printed around images to allow the images to be cut out automatically.
The basic method for recreating a broad spectrum of colors on a printing press or computer printer, using only Yellow, Magenta, Cyan, and Black inks or dyes. See also Process Color Printing.
A mathematically generated pattern that is reproducible at any magnification or reduction.
The language used to facilitate the transfer of files from a server on the internet to another location, such as a desktop computer or another server.
Printing term used when an image or background extends to the final trim edge of a printed page.
Contrast level in photographic images. Mathematically, this is the logarithmic relationship between input and output. A perfect mirror has a gamma of 1.0 (1:1), while color transparency film has a gamma of approximately 2.0 (1:10). See also Tonal Range.
The range of colors that can be created by a particular output device. Colors are referred to as in-gamut if they can be reproduced on a particular device and out-of-gamut if they cannot.
The editing of an image to reduce the color gamut so that the image can be displayed or output within the limits of a particular device.
The plotting of an image color gamut into the CIE color space.
An image-softening effect utilizing a bell shaped Gaussian distribution to apply the softening effect. A "Gaussian" curve (aka "bell curve") is a bell-shaped curve showing a distribution of a probability associated with different values.
In Four-color Process Printing, black is made up of a combination of the three primary colors. GCR determines how much black to print with black ink, and how much black to print with the remaining three colors. See also UCR. Also known as Skeleton Black Generation when used in converting RGB files to CMYK.
Term for fine-art digitally produced prints.
A standard for small raster image files. GIF files support transparencies and different color palettes.
A measure of the degree to which a coated surface approaches a perfect specular surface or mirror in its ability to reflect light. Gloss contributes to the perception of photo quality.
An undesired, visible noise or texture in printed areas of text or graphics, mostly due to the presence of black dots in lighter areas of the image. In photographs it is the perceived amount of image grain structure.
98" or greater width digital print machines or media.
Gray balance is a simple concept that can be used to evaluate and control ink levels in order to reproduce pleasing color results. Combining equal tint values of cyan, magenta and yellow (CMY) inks results in a neutral gray.
1. The range of tones from black to white. 2. An image consisting of only levels of black and white.
1. An image in which continuous tones are simulated by regular patterns (screens) of small dots. 2. A process for creating images. Screening can be done at different angles and the line density varies over a wide range (50 – 500 lines per inch). Printing a black & white photograph on a press or printer requires the creation of a single halftone. Four color process printing requires a separate halftone for each of the process colors. See also Continuous Tone, Screen Angle.
A white line around the edge of an image. Produced by inks repelling each other
The physical usb dongle that is required to use RIP-Queue.
Pantone® trademark name for printing system using specific values of CMYK plus Orange and Green. See also CMYKOG(V). See also Enhanced Gamut Color
Printing system using additional levels of dilute toner (usually cyan and magenta) in combination with CMYK to produce a wider gamut of colors and more natural-looking images. May also refer to a printing system using additional primary process colors.
A type of graph that shows frequency data in two-dimensional rectangles. The width of each rectangle represents the class interval (in RIP-Queue, this is the section of the spectrum), while the height represents the number of occurrences (in RIP-Queue, this is the number of pixels with that color value).
Hue, luminance, and saturation: a color model based on these three coordinates of color, where Hue is the dominant color, Saturation is the color purity, and Luminance is the light/dark characteristic of the color.
A folder found in the Input folder that can be used to automatically process images by copying images into that folder. Each Hot Folder represents a specific Quick Set.
A printer driver language, comparable to PostScript
A color space that defines colors by Hue, Saturation, and Value (Brightness).
1. A tint or color specified by an angle on the HSV Color Wheel. Going counter-clockwise around the wheel, hues shift from red to yellow to green to cyan to blue to magenta and finally back to red. 2. The attribute of a color that permits it to be identified as a specific color. Hue combined with Saturation and Value fully defines a color.
Describes the variation of a printed color from a theoretical pure color. Also known as grayness which indicates the presence of gray in a color that makes it appear less saturated
An inkjet device possessing the capabilities of both roll to roll and flatbed machines.
ICC (International Color Consortium) A group of hardware and software companies dedicated to the development of a specification that is operating system independent and provides the digital imaging, printing and related industries with a data format for defining the color and reproduction characteristics of devices and their related media
An international standard for describing color transformations. Also known as ICM (.icm). See also Color Profile and Profile Library.
The preferred standard for LPT ports, cables, and communication.
A PCI add-on card that is required to print to some printers. Use the VPT printer port to print using the Ikon Card.
Mathematical description of the relative spectral power distribution of a real or imaginary light source, that is, the relative energy emitted by a source at each wavelength in its emission spectrum.
An output device to image bitmap data onto film or paper. Comes in drum and flatbed models.
Manufacturing processes that increasingly utilize inkjet imaging technology as a way to mark or decorate products.
A set of parameters for a specific ink or toner. This is used in calibration to compensate for imperfectly balanced inks, and to assist in generating similar output from dissimilar inks
The process of restricting the total amount of ink applied to a media by adjusting the maximum percentage of the color values in a processed image.
Ink Limits prevent oversaturation of three and four color combinations. Ink Limiting is the process of restricting the total amount of ink applied to a media by adjusting the maximum percentage of the color values in a processed image.
Ensure placement of the proper amount of ink and prevent oversaturation of ink combinations
A set of parameters for a specific ink or toner. This is used in calibration to compensate for imperfectly balanced inks and to assist in generating similar output from dissimilar inks.
A type of printer that sprays tiny streams of quick-drying ink onto a substrate.
A folder that is constantly monitored for image files to allow automatic processing and printing. See Hot Folder.
1. A profile that describes the color characteristics of a device such as a scanner that is used to create images. 2. A profile that identifies the output device being simulated for ICC Color Matching (that is, modifying the output image so that a print on one device appears as if it were printed on a different device).
Degree of saturation or reflection of visible light.
Process of increasing the apparent resolution of a raster image by using either a bi-cubic or sequential algorithm to create new dots in between the existing dots.
A local computer network connecting nearby computer systems and printers, such as in an office.
A color-calibration target used in many systems to create profiles.
An image coupled with RIP-Queue settings.
A raster file format as well as a standard for compression of image files in general. See also Raster Format.
Adjusting inter-character spacing of letters. Typically for pairs of letter that need special spacing treatment to make them look more aesthetically pleasing.
A file that adds permissions to your Hardware Key. See Hardware Key.
A uniform color space proposed by the CIE for use in the measurement of small color differences. The lightness (L*) and the color parameters (a* and b*) accurately define a color. See also CIELab.
To apply film to a surface by hand or by mechanical applicators. A web or sheet material formed by bonding materials together.
Bonding one product to another by pressure for protection or appearance.
A computer network designed to connect nearby computers and printers, such as in an office. A LAN can be connected to another LAN, or the Internet.
When a page is oriented so that it is wider than it is tall. See also Portrait Orientation and Transverse Orientation
A printer, media, or print 36" or greater width.
A three dimensional graph called Color Space. We can assign an absolute value to any color using three independent variables: Lightness, Chroma, and Hue.
This is a print error where an empty strip appears following a solid color or no color area. Use a Stochastic dot pattern to fix this.
Systems used to cure UV-curable inkjet ink using arrays of light emitting diodes (LED).
Used to describe how resistant an imaged print is to fading when exposed to light and especially to sunlight.
Perception by which white objects are distinguished from gray objects and light- from dark-colored objects.
Organization of elements in a printing screen, used to define the density of the screen. For example, a 140-line screen is a pattern that has 140 Halftone Dots per linear inch. The greater the number, the more accurately details are printed. See also Screen Ruling.
The process of normalizing a device so that it produces a linear (1:1) input to output response.
A compression technique that will retain all of the file's original image characteristics. The perfect lossless compression technique remains elusive.
A compression technique that will sacrifice some image quality at low levels and continue to degrade more image quality as compression levels increase.
This refers to the number of Halftone Dots that will be printed per linear inch in an image, based on the Screen used.
The lightness or Brightness of an image.
Look-Up Tables: A digital procession method to modify data from the input to the output, by using an array of data from a stored table.
A unit used to measure light falling on a surface (illuminance). LUX x .0929 = foot candles.
Standard form of lossless file compression for video and graphic images (such as RIFF). From LempelZivWelch, the inventors
To block off a background or other area, so that the unmasked area can be printed, or worked on.
A paper or other substrate that the printer creates images on.
This tool, available in Media Manager, helps you identify whether a certain profile or printer can duplicate the results of another profile or printer.
A media model defines the targets used for calibrating for different classes of inks. See also Ink/Toner Model.
A Media Profile is a way of characterizing the media, ink and printers you use. Media Profiles include one, or more Print Modes. Media Profile refers to the actual material, or substrate.
Micro-Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) is a technology of the very small. MEMS constructions generally range in size from a micrometer to a millimeter. MEMS is used to create nozzles, holes, manifolds and channel structures in inkjet head design.
Files that can be shared by more than one application program.
The condition where two color samples, with different spectral properties, produce the same color sensation under certain viewing conditions, and a different color sensation under different conditions. For example: two colors match each other under one light source, but not another. Neutral tones may appear greenish, reddish, or bluish at different gray-levels.
A unit of measure for frequency that can relate to the processing speed of a computer. Equal to one million hertz.
Tones in an image that are in the middle the tonal range, halfway between the lightest and the darkest.
A pattern of visible waves caused by overprinting halftones whose screen angles are aligned improperly. This is usually the result of scanning and screening a previously screened halftone image. The pattern is confusing and destroys detail, creating uneven tonal values. See also Screen Angle.
The process used to bring a monitor's display of color, saturation and brightness into synchronization with the final output device, allowing the user to assume that what is seen on the screen will be extremely close to the final output.
A profile that describes the color characteristics of a display device.
An image that is composed only of levels of a single color (usually black) and white. See also Grayscale
The original computer files, in their original; application forms, for a digital graphic or publication; as opposed to an export format, Postscript print to disk format, or other transformed format which can no longer be opened and edited.
A part of the physical print head on the printer that produces the ink dots.
The point on a laminator or press at which two rolls come together to apply controlled pressure.
A printing process that transfers the ink to the paper without pressure.
A common printing process that makes prints by transferring ink from a flat plate to a rotating "blanket" that contacts the substrate.
Resistance to passage of light or the "hiding" property of a media. A measurement of the media's ability to hide a backing material from view. It is expressed as a ration of reflectance of a single sheet of media when it is backed by two different materials
Also known as image-swapping technology, this is the process that allows low-resolution copies of images inserted into a page-layout program for some prepress tasks, and then swapped with the high-resolution versions for output.
The maximum physical resolution of a device. Optical resolution provides better quality than interpolated resolution of the same number, which uses software to create additional image information.
The number of samples, in pixels per inch, that are taken by a scanner per linear distance as determined by the CCD array, the optical system, and the motion of the carriage.
A dot pattern that attempts to evenly distribute the expected range of color levels using a matrix acting as a screen. This is done by defining the dot placement in a recursive fashion. This results in a screen which has a grid appearance to it. In RIP-Queue, ordered dithering has been extended to place each color at angles to other colors. This produces a rosette pattern similar to the halftoning that appears in newspapers, since the rosettes are small. See also Halftone, Screen, Screen Angle.
The point where the measurement units for both x and y axes are zero. In Preflight the origin is always the top-left corner of the selection box; in PostScript it is always the lower-left corner.
Output is the physical image produced by your printer. Output quality mainly depends upon the color (accurate, reproducible, pleasing), and clarity (resolution, dot placement, etc.) of the print on the desired medium (e.g. glossy photo, film, canvas).
A profile that describes the color characteristics of an output device, such as a printer or film recorder.
Application of a clear film to a graphic for the purpose of protection or to enhance graphic quality.
A system for identifying colors based on CMYK values as they appear on the printed page.
Single color sample contained in a swatch. Used as part of profile generation.
A standard for raster image files developed by ZSoft for PCPaintbrush.
Modified PostScript file format used by the Acrobat document exchange system. Fonts should be embedded within the PDF document in order for RIP-Queue to use them.
Raster image format developed by Kodak. There are two types, each containing multiple resolutions. Standard PhotoCD images are 2048x3072 pixels, and require 18MB of storage. Professional PhotoCD images are 4096x6144 pixels and require 80MB of storage.
An instrument for measuring luminous intensity, luminous flux, illumination, or intensity.
Device for measuring color. Also known as Spectrophotometer
An inkjet printing technology that uses a material that moves to pump the ink out when subject to an electric charge to drive microdroplets through the nozzle.
The color substance in the inks that absorbs and/or reflects light, generally more light stable than dyes.
A distortion where the image compresses toward the center with distortion most noticed at the center of horizontal or vertical edges.
Short for "Picture element". When we can produce or measure a range of colors in a defined area we refer to the area , as a pixel. Used in monitors, scanners, and printing technology. A single point in a raster format image
Ratio of input pixels to output dots. (Scan resolution divided by output resolution).
Effect of over-enlarging a raster image so that the individual pixels in the source image become visible. See also Aliasing.
A measure of the density of scanned information in an image. The finer the optics of the scanner, the higher the scan resolution.
Layer of separated image that is composed of a single color, such as cyan, magenta, or black. See also Color Layer and Separation
When a page is oriented so that it is taller than it is wide. See also Landscape Orientation and Transverse Orientation
The effect produced when an image or part of an image is displayed or printed with too few colors (or shades of gray) to accurately reproduce color differences.
A vector-based page description language, which stores text and graphics as lines and arcs that can be filled with a variety of different backgrounds. PostScript files are printer dependent, do not need a showpage command, and have embedded fonts. See also Encapsulated PostScript, PDF.
A specific setting for a color channel that determines the frequency, angle, and function when using the Halftone dot pattern.
A file listing the limits and capabilities of a printer in a form that printer drivers and other software programs can read.
A process of checking a job for possible problems before the job is sent for final output. This process is used to find problems such as missing fonts, postscript errors and color problems.
An application used to view and modify RIP-Queue jobs.
A viscoclastic material that is aggressively and permanently tacky; adheres without the need of more than a finger or hand pressure; and requires no activation by water, solvent or heat.
Colors that can be combined in various proportions to produce another color. In the light (additive color) spectrum, primary colors are red, green, and blue. In inks, paints, and other pigments (subtractive color), the primary colors are generally cyan (red), yellow, and magenta (blue).
Information systems designed to integrate information from print production departments to aid in production and operations management.
A Print Mode is an individual characterization of Ink, Media and Printer Settings. Print Modes can have any number of variables, intended for different output targets.
Some examples of multiple print modes for the same media are: High Speed, Production, High Quality, and Ink Saving Modes. Print modes allow for multiple output conditions on the same material.
The ability to economically and efficiently print documents or images to order as needed.
One or more similar printers that share a common printer library, Hot Folders, and Quick Sets.
A proprietary file format used to install a RIP-Queue printer. A PRNINST file contains the dlls, profile library information (media, calibrations, and profiles), and other support files that are necessary to use a given printer.
The four ink colors used in four-color process printing: Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Black.
1. A method of defining and compensating for the color shifts in an image as it is shown on a monitor and printed on a media. 2. A specific Printer/Ink/Media combination in RIP-Queue.
Collection of color profiles specific to a printer type.
The set of conventions between communication lines. It exists to exchange information between a host computer and its interface. The way information is placed on a network. The steps needed to communicate or activate an operation or exchange of information in or between computers.
The native file format of Adobe Photoshop. They are raster files that support L*a*b* color, spot channels, and embedded profiles.
Color created by applying 100% each of one or more inks in an image. (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, plus Red, Green, Blue, White, Orange, Green, or Violet in those devices which support those colors.
A group of settings that is applied to images to create jobs in an efficient manner.
The high-speed portion of the computer's memory that is held on special chips for use in current applications or procedures.
File format in which pixels are placed in a grid. (That is, pixels are located by exact addresses, rather than by their relation to other pixels.) Raster Format Graphic file format in which images are described as a matrix of dots. Some examples: TIFF, Targa, JPEG, Scitex CT, BMP.
Conversion of a file to Raster format.
The fraction of light incident on a surface that is reflected and varies according to the wavelength distribution of the light.
An instrument that measures the amount of light reflected from the surface of a substrate, referenced against the amount of incident light, reflection density is the inverse log10 of the reflectance, the angle of illumination, and the sensing area specified as 90˚, 45˚ respectively.
A piece of artwork that is viewed by reflected light (for example, drawings or photographs). Also called reflection copy and reflective art. See also, Transparency.
The precise alignment of film or plates for printing. Register marks, usually placed outside the trim area, assist the printer and finisher in achieving accurate registration in multiple color jobs.
Cross-hair marks placed at each corner of the image to help ensure proper registration. Registration Marks are also used to aid in trimming the image.
One of the two colorimetric rendering intents that try to preserve colorimerty of colors that are mapped to an exact match whenever possible, and where not possible (becasue the color is out of gamut), the color is mapped to the nearest equivalent.
A method of mapping color values so colors can be reproduced on different devices, even if the devices have a different gamut. As part of this process, it determines how in-gamut and out-of-gamut colors are mapped. Different methods of compressing are used depending on the rendering intent selected so out-of-gamut color values so they can be reproduced.
Changing the resolution of a bitmap file without attempting its physical size.
The number of dots available to represent graphic detail in a given area. On a computer screen, resolution is usually measured in pixels per inch (ppi). On a printer, the resolution is measured in dots per inch, or dpi. Halftone resolution measurements are in lines per inch, or LPI. See also Screen Ruling.
System for describing colors based on a combination of values for Red, Green, and Blue—the additive primaries. RGB is the basic additive color model used for color video display. Mixing various percentages of red, green, and blue light can recreate most of the spectrum; combining 100% of all three creates white light. See CMYK, Additive Color.
Method for converting a vector-based image into a raster based (pixel-by-pixel grid) image.
Process of turning files into printer or bitmap files. See Rasterizing.
A method of loss less file compression.
Printing device that feeds, and my take-up, flexible media on a core or spool.
Term used to describe the strength, purity, or vividness of a hue. Saturation indicates how much color is present. When there is no saturation, there is no color; the more saturation, the more color there is of the given hue.
To enlarge or reduce an image by increasing or decreasing the number of scanned pixels, or the sampling rate, relative to the number of samples per inch needed by the printer or other output device.
The process of translating a picture from artwork or transparency into digital information.
The degree to which a plot of scanned reflectance or transmittance vs. absolute reflectance or transmittance is a straight line. Deviations in this plot either above or below a straight line represent tones that are recorded by the scanner as too light or too dark.
A hardware peripheral that illuminates, reads, and then converts original text, artwork or film into digital data. Types of scanners include flatbed or drum.
1. A way of filling areas in graphic design, created with various densities of black-and-white (or color-and-white) patterns. 2. The process of breaking up a photograph into dots of black and white for easier printing. 3. A shade of gray or color. Black (solid) is 100% screening and white is 0%. See Halftone, Line Screen.
The orientation of a halftone screen as measured from the horizontal axis. Forty-five degrees is commonly used for Black and White, 105° for Cyan, 75° for Magenta, and 90° for Yellow.
Measure of the fineness of a Halftone screen the higher the number, the finer the screen. For example, a 160 LPI (lines per inch) screen has 160 lines of halftone dots in every vertical inch. See also Lines Per Inch
1. A way of filling areas in graphic design, created with various densities of black-and-white (or color-and-white) patterns. 2. The process of breaking up a photograph into dots of black and white for easier printing. 3. A shade of gray or color. Black (solid) is 100% screening and white is 0%. See Halftone, Line Screen.
Individual layer of a multi-color image. Each layer contains the amount of each primary color needed to produce a four-color image when layers are superimposed on each other.
PDF’s name for a Spot Color. A separation color space always carries an alternate tint transform. The transform can be in RGB or CMYK (or others) and gives the rules for outputting in that space when the named color is unavailable.
A computer that provides facilities to other computers on a local area network. Examples of servers include file servers, print servers, and mail servers.
Subtle features in the darker part of an image.
A picture enhancement making the image have more distinct borders, areas, lines or tones. An option on some scanners that emphasizes detail by increasing the contrast of the boundaries between light and dark areas of an image.
A proprietary raster file format developed by LizardTech, Inc. Also known as MrSID. This format uses high compression algorithms.
The ratio of the usable signal to noise in a scan. A high degree of noise can mask the shadow detail in an image regardless of tonal resolution.
A color separation technique that substitutes Black ink for calculated amounts of Cyan, Magenta, and Yellow. Black gives more depth in the reproduction, corrects a color cast in the shadows, and results in better gray neutrality. See also GCR.
When paper is viewed under a microscope, the surface looks like a series of mountains ad valleys. On an uncoated paper the "landscape" is rougher than a corresponding coated paper. The smoothness of a paper will affect the receptivity of the paper to the ink and also how evenly the media will feed through the printing device.
A technique used to isolate a portion of an image with an edge that allows for a smoother transition to area around the masked part.
The major advantage of solvent inks in that come formulations produce durable, fade-resistant and water-fast print using low coast, uncoated materials such as self-adhesive vinyl, fabrics and scrim banner. When a droplet of solvent ink dissolves the surface of a non-absorbent material, such as vinyl, the colorant diffuses into the material.
Requires addition of solvent to the adhesive to allow bonding of adhesive to the substrate; i.e. not pressure activated.
Pigmented ink in a base of solvent. Solvents serve to "bite" into the surface of the media, making ink and media one. Solvent inks dry through evaporation.
In this example, white light (100% Red, Green, and Blue) is directed at a purple patch (made up of CMYK inks). The inks absorb specific wavelengths of light leaving a different red, green, and blue color combination to travel onwards to the eye and register as "purple".
An instrument used to measure the spectral transmittance (wavelengths) or reflectance of objects. Spectrophotometers generally provide densitometric and colorimetric data, and can be used to read Linearizations and ICC Profile swatches.
Spatial arrangement of components of radiant energy in order of their wavelengths, wave number or frequency.
The linking of a series of points on a graph with an arc that is mathematically plotted.
A specific color or type applied to individual graphic items.
A method of color printing using an ink that is premixed to a specific color, such as a corporate logo. These colors are generally premixed according to a color matching system and are printed on top of preexisting color. Sometimes referred to as Fifth-color Printing.
Dot pattern analysis and generation using locations in the area of a pixel wherein the pixel is perturbed or jittered. This produces an average of the color for an area. Stochastic generation methods are generally much faster than other methods, at some expense in shadow and highlight detail.
Technology which controls how often and at what point the printer applies additional ink dots to the media.
Colors that are formed by the removal of certain wavelengths of light. Colors on a printed page are subtractive i.e., full spectrum (white) light strikes the page, and the ink absorbs some wavelengths, allowing only certain colors to be reflected to the eye.
Cyan, Magenta, and Yellow, which, along with Black, are the ink colors used in four-color process printing. See also RGB.
Standard print image used by RIP-Queue for profile generation. A swatch contains multiple patches.
A band of ink laid down by the printer head as it moves across the media.
The most common standard for American printing inks. This is not tied to any individual color matching system or device.
24 or 32-bit raster format originally developed for video production by AT&T EPIC (later Truevision). This format does not support the storage of image data as planes of color information.
A communications protocol developed under contract from the U.S. Department of Defense to connect dissimilar systems. Supports mail (SMTP), file transfer (FTP), remote terminal operation (Telnet), and remote printing. RIP-Queue supports TCP/IP remote printing.
Thermofluidic printing process in which nothing moves but the ink itself. A tiny heater in a print cartridge vaporizes a thin film of ink, creating a vapor bubble that fills a chamber like a piston to force ink through a nozzle.
A variant of the TIFF file format developed by the American National Standards Institute, Inc. (ANSI). It is intended to smooth prepress workflow by making images easier to exchange and transfer.
A standard raster format for graphic files.
Section of a print image. Images can be tiled when they are too large for the media, or to fit mounting and display requirements.
A solid color reduced in shade by screening. Altering the tint alters the hue of a color without affecting the saturation of the color.
Range of white in an image. An image with a small tonal range will appear very flat, because there will be little difference between the darker and lighter areas of the image. See also Contrast.
Degree of luminosity or amount of white in color represented by the L axis in the L*a*b* color space. See also Luminance.
Represented by percentages of a color, such as 25%, 50%, 75% etc. Equal values for each color are critical for gray balance and proper hue of overprint colors on a press. Most of the detail in a printed image is located in the tonal areas
TOYO 88 ColorfinderTM 1050 System. Japanese color matching system
When printing with a device that uses multiple ink levels (including variable dot, double-strike, and light ink), you must set the Transition Control. This option determines the transition from light inks to dark-inks. This prevents a sudden shift from light ink to dark-ink which can cause steps of shading in your gradients.
Any artwork that is viewed by light passing through it, rather than reflecting off it (for example, images printed on backlit film and viewed on a light box). See Reflective Copy
When a page is oriented so that it is wider than it is tall, but the text is rotated 90° so that it remains in the same relation to the page as in a Portrait orientation. See also Portrait Orientation and Landscape Orientation
The mechanism by which RIP-Queue determines when jobs can be printed. Manual print triggering is controlled by the Print Now button. Automatic print triggering is controlled by a time-out value or an area percentage value of media usage.
TRUMATCH Swatching SystemTM. An American color matching system.
A platform-independent interface for acquiring images from image devices.
The process of reducing the smallest Halftone Dot in areas where yellow, magenta, and cyan all print, together with quantities of the other two colors, sufficient to produce a neutral gray, and replacing that color with black ink. See also GCR.
A sharpening process that first blurs the edges then subtracts the image from the blurred areas to yield an image of enhanced sharpness.
An address on the Internet or an intranet.
Unsharp Masking Value. A measure from white to black, the higher the value, the darker the image.
Combats degradation by ultra violet; i.e. maintains original characteristics longer than non-UV resistant materials.
Inks that contain pigments or other methods to resist UV fade from direct sunlight and other UV light sources.
Represents how bright (or dark) the color is. As value increases the amount of black decreases, until no black is present. See also Brightness
A term given to a graphic drawing, specified as a color, start and end point, and applied to line segments, type and tints.
Drawing software. Vector graphics files are usually stored in formats such as PICT or EPS.
A computer image that uses mathematical descriptions of paths and fills to define the graphic, as opposed to individual pixels.
A proprietary network protocol used to communicate with some printers such as ColorSpan devices.
Film from resins made of vinyl monomers.
A dpi value that is processed at a lower resolution than is printed. The virtual pixel value is shown in two parts separated by the @ character, such as 600@1200. 600@1200 means that the image is processed at 600 but is printed at 1200. See also Dot.
A Windows printer driver that prints to RIP-Queue. The virtual printer can be shared on a network for other systems (Windows or Macintosh) to use.
A printer port used when printing via an Ikon card and generally used for Xerox electrostatic printers.
Waterbased inks generally require a coated or absorbent print media. There are tow types of waterbased inks: Dye and Pigment. Dyes penetrate paper or other absorbent layers while pigments bind to the surface. Dye is a soluble colorant.
Determined by a test in which 250 ml if distilled water at 23 degrees C is dripped onto a test pattern printed on media held at a 45 degree angle. A densitometer is then used to measure the delta optical density (OD) between the media and the water drop stain. A lower OD is preferred.
A key bit that causes images to print with horizontal strips missing. The Watermark bit is used as a security measure for some demo packages
It is added Identifying information on images to protect such as the copyright.
The ability of a material to withstand the effects of exposure to weather conditions, significant change in physical or chemical properties.
The balancing of color components to create pure white when scanning a white object. A substitute for a color temperature setting.
The color that when scanned produces values of 255, 255, 255 in an 8-bit scanner. Ideally the white point is 100% neutral reflectance or transmittance.
A color correction tool that modifies the white and black points of an image without changing the values of the midtones.
TAPPI definition of whiteness is the reflectance value of visible light in the range 400700nm. A paper's whiteness can be given in a number of ways and relates to various models used to describe color. Once such figure is the CIE GANZ 82 with 100 being neutral.
Ink spread along the fibers in the paper, creating a "spider web" effect. Also known ad feathering. This pattern may be seen when determining Ink Restrictions and may be caused by too much ink on the media.
An application that shows the permissions of the Hardware Key. WinKey is also used to print, e-mail, or update the key permissions.
Graphics format from Windows and used for some operating-system graphics, among other items. Generally considered inadequate for output of color graphics.
Kodak's internal format standard for PhotoCD image files. This file format is not currently supported by RIPQueue. Save these files as PCD files.
Any file that is compressed using the algorithms developed by PKware. Used for loss less compression of files for storage or transfer.